A thermal spike does not last long enough to permit annealing of the Frenkel defects.
2.
Such regions are called displacement spikes, which, unlike thermal spikes, do not retain Frenkel defects.
3.
In the case of a thermal spike, the temperature is not high enough to maintain the liquid state long enough for density fluctuations to relax and interatomic exchange to occur.
4.
A thermal spike is a region in which a moving particle heats up the material surrounding its track through the solid for times of the order of 10 " 12 s.
5.
Based on these theories, there should be two different regions, each retaining a different form of damage, along the path of a PKA . A thermal spike should occur in the earlier part of the path, and this high-energy region retains vacancy-interstitial pairs.
6.
Each such decay event influences about 20, 000 other atoms, 90 % of which stay in their lattice site and only are thermally excited, the rest being displaced, resulting in formation of about 2500 Frenkel pairs and a local thermal spike lasting few picoseconds, during which the newly formed defects recombine or migrate.
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